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来源：玛雅彩票技巧2024-09-30 17:48

玛雅彩票必赚方案

“全球战斗舰”难以撑起“全球英国梦”******

上图：26型护卫舰“格拉斯哥”号。资料图片

　　近日，英国海军的首艘26型护卫舰“格拉斯哥”号举行了下水仪式，并将在完成舾装后开展海试，预定于2028年前正式服役。保持“全球抵达”能力的海军，一直被英国视为维持其“全球影响力”的重要支柱。而26型护卫舰早在研发期间，就被英国防部冠名为“全球战斗舰”。然而，这款新型战舰，真能支撑起英国近几届政府所宣扬的“全球英国”战略构想吗？

　　客观而言，26型护卫舰在设计和性能上确有可圈可点之处，是一型瞄准了“全球作战”目标打造的多用途水面战舰。

　　首先，自持力与续航力较出色。作为“护卫舰”，26型护卫舰标准排水量约6900吨，几乎与美军“阿利·伯克”级驱逐舰和英军45型驱逐舰持平，可满足长期远航的物资储备需求。较一般护卫舰30天的自持力，26型护卫舰自持力可达60天，最高航速超过26节，以15节航速航行，续航力约为7000海里。

　　其次，能遂行多种作战任务。26型护卫舰问世的主要目的，是替换老旧的23型护卫舰、担纲英军航母编队的反潜主力，其集多种本领于一身，能分担兼顾防空反导和对海对陆打击等任务，且采用模块化设计，可根据作战需求进行改装。

　　再次，与盟友海军的互通性和协同性较好。除英国外，同为“五眼联盟”和英联邦国家的澳大利亚及加拿大，均已选择26型护卫舰的出口型作为本国新一代护卫舰的基本平台，分别采购了9艘和15艘；新西兰也有望订购2至3艘。这意味着，26型护卫舰较易获得这些国家海军的保障和配合，从而提升执行任务的能力与效果。

　　然而，纵观26型护卫舰项目推进进程，却堪称当代各海军强国中“拖（工期）、涨（预算）、降（性能）、减（数量）”的典型。

　　英海军原计划用26型护卫舰“一对一”地替换13艘23型护卫舰，然而其性能指标需求与控制成本的原则相悖。单艘26型护卫舰仅船体建造成本已高达约16亿美元，比原计划攀升了3倍多，为此不得不缩小建造规模，目前仅实际开工3艘。2022年11月，英国敲定了第二批次5艘舰的建造合同，但据英国国防部披露，即便进展顺利，英海军最快也要到2035年才能拥有8艘26型护卫舰。结合目前英海军只有6艘45型驱逐舰来看，按照三分之一的“战斗出动率”计算，届时仅能勉强凑出一个航母战斗群的驱护舰配置。

　　此外，26型护卫舰存在不少技术短板：其动力系统中使用的燃气轮机，与“伊丽莎白女王”级航母和45型驱逐舰相同，而它恰是故障频发、导致战舰不时停摆的“罪魁”；其装备的“海上拦截者”防空导弹系统，拦截弹由“阿斯拉姆”空对空格斗导弹演化而来，不仅尺寸“迷你”，最大射程也仅有25千米。计划为该型护卫舰配备、由英法联合研发的新一代反舰导弹系统，也迟迟未见踪影。

　　26型护卫舰处境尴尬的深层次原因，是英国日益没落的制造业和海军经费拮据。“格拉斯哥”号的下水，与“伊丽莎白女王”级航母的巡航一样：看似华美的一抹光彩之下，映射出的只是“日不落帝国”积重难返的日落残阳！（海　镜　李新宇）

中新网评：处理核污水绝不是日本自家私事******

　　中新网北京1月19日电(蒋鲤)日本政府近日称，将于2023年春夏期间开始向海洋排放经过处理的福岛第一核电站核污水。日本罔顾国内民众及周边国家的屡屡反对，企图将核污水“一倒了之”，把一件关乎全球海洋生态环境和公众健康的事当成了自家私事。

资料图：日本福岛第一核电站。

　　2011年，福岛核电站事故发生后，大量放射性物质泄漏到大气层和太平洋，对周围环境造成了难以逆转的伤害，数十万人被迫撤离该地区。时至今日，作为日本邻国之一的韩国仍未解除福岛海鲜禁令。

　　日本以核污水存储能力即将达到上限为由，在2021年4月13日，正式决定将福岛第一核电站核污水排入太平洋。过去一年多，日本政府和东京电力公司一直在持续推进核污水排海计划。

　　日本政府辩称，这些核污水经多核素处理系统(ALPS)处理后很安全，甚至“可以喝”，这样的表态无疑在愚弄大众。

　　事实上，经过处理的核污水仍含有多种放射性物质，核污水一旦排放入海就无法回收，长期来看，将会给海洋生态带来难以估量的潜在威胁，最终危害人类健康。

　　因此，核污水排海计划推出后，遭到日本民众强烈反对。日本《朝日新闻》2022年3月公布的问卷调查显示，福岛县、宫城县和岩手县受访的42个市町村长中，约六成反对东京电力公司福岛第一核电站核污水排放入海。日本全国渔业协会联合会也多次申明立场，反对该计划。

　　日本政府认为，核污水排海是最便宜、最省事的解决方案，但此举却将周边国家乃至全世界置于核污染风险中。太平洋非日本一家之海，核污水会随着洋流流动，其影响势必会跨越国界，危害周边国家乃至整个国际社会的公共福祉和利益。

　　《韩国经济新闻》发文称，相关研究认为，福岛核污水如果排放入海，约7个月后将到达济州等韩国海域，该国水产业和旅游业将遭受相当大的损失。

　　德国南极海洋机构也曾发出警告，若日本将所有核污水排入海中，不到半年，整个太平洋都将面临高度辐射威胁，包括远在大洋另一端的美国。太平洋地区人民更是对日本该计划持反对意见。

　　日本作为《联合国海洋法公约》缔约国，有义务保护海洋环境。然而，在核污水排海方案的正当性、核污水数据的可靠性、净化装置的有效性、环境影响的不确定性等问题上，日本未能作出科学、可信的说明。

　　国际原子能机构技术工作组虽已三次赴日实地考察评估，但尚未就日排海方案的安全性给出结论，并且对日本提出诸多澄清要求和整改意见。在此情况下，日本仍执意推进核污水排海工程建设，这是极不负责任的行为。

　　太平洋不是日本的下水道，日本必须正视各方合理关切，在与周边国家等相关利益方和国际原子能机构充分协商后，制定合理的核污水处理方案。日本也要着眼长远，若只顾眼前，执意将核污水排放入海，不仅其自身，周边国家乃至全世界都将为之买单，其后果必将会危害数代人。

　　Fukushima water disposal by no means Japan’s own business

　　By John Lee

　　(ECNS) -- Japan has announced it will release treated wastewater from the wrecked Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant into the Pacific Ocean this year.

　　Although Fukushima wastewater disposal affects global marine ecological environment protection and public health, Japan has turned a deaf ear to domestic and international opposition to dumping the contaminated water into the sea, treating the "global" matter as its own business.

　　The Fukushima accident in 2011 had sent large quantities of radiation into the atmosphere and the Pacific Ocean, causing irreversible damage to the surrounding environment, and hundreds of thousands of people were forced to evacuate the area. South Korea still maintains its import ban on Japanese seafood from areas affected by the Fukushima nuclear disaster.

　　On April 13, 2021, Japan announced it had decided to discharge contaminated radioactive wastewater in Fukushima Prefecture into the sea due to dwindling storage space, with the Japanese government and plant operator Tokyo Electric Power Company Holdings Inc. promoting the release plan over the past year.

　　The Japanese government argues that the water treated by an advanced liquid processing system, or ALPS, is safe and drinkable, which is undoubtedly fooling the public.

　　In fact, the treated wastewater still includes a variety of radioactive substances and can’t be recycled once discharged into the sea, which will pose a great threat to marine ecology and ultimately endanger human health in the long run.

　　Therefore, the discharge plan has been strongly opposed in Japan. According to a questionnaire conducted by The Asahi Shimbun, nearly 60 percent of mayors of 42 municipalities in Iwate, Miyagi and Fukushima prefectures oppose the discharge plan. The National Fisheries Cooperative Federation of Japan has also repeatedly stated its opposition in public.

　　The Japanese government believes that dumping Fukushima wastewater into the sea is the cheapest and most convenient solution, but neighboring countries and even the whole world will be at risk of nuclear pollution.

　　The Pacific Ocean doesn’t belong to Japan and the wastewater flow along oceanic currents will surely break boundaries and endanger public welfare and the interests of neighboring countries and even the international community.

　　The Korea Economic Daily reported that related research concluded that if contaminated water from Fukushima is released into the ocean, it would only take seven months for the contaminated water to reach the shores of Jeju Island, with the country's aquaculture and tourism suffering considerable losses.

　　According to the calculation of a German marine scientific research institute, radioactive materials will spread to most of the Pacific Ocean within half a year from the date of discharge, and the U.S. and Canada will be affected by nuclear pollution. People in the Pacific region also oppose the discharge plan.

　　As a participant of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, Japan has the obligation of protecting the marine environment.

　　However, it hasn’t offered a full and convincing explanation on issues like the legitimacy of the discharge plan, the reliability of data on the nuclear-contaminated water, the efficacy of the treatment system or the uncertainty of environmental impact.

　　Though the IAEA has yet to complete a comprehensive review after three investigations in Japan, the Japanese side has been pushing through the approval process for its discharge plan and even started building facilities for the discharge. It is rather irresponsible for Japan to act against public opinion at home and concerns abroad.

　　The Pacific Ocean is not a private Japanese sewer. The country must seriously heed the voices of the international community and make a reasonable plan for the Fukushima wastewater disposal after full consultation with stakeholders and international agencies.

　　If it only seeks instant interest and insists on discharging the contaminated water into the sea, not only itself, but also its neighboring countries and the entire world will pay for the decision and several generations will be forced to bear the consequence.